Erzurum

Sumela is a remarkable 1,600-year-old Orthodox monastery perched dramatically at an altitude of 1,200 meters on a steep cliff in the Macka region of Trabzon, Turkey. This ancient marvel is not just a feast for the eyes but a journey back in time, offering a glimpse into the spiritual and architectural wonders of the past. The monastery's stunning location, surrounded by lush greenery and the rugged beauty of the Pontic Mountains, makes it a must-visit for any traveler seeking both adventure and tranquility. As you explore the intricate frescoes and ancient stone walls, you'll feel a profound connection to the history that has unfolded in this breathtaking corner of the world. Don't forget to bring your camera; the views are absolutely Instagram-worthy!

The mosque, constructed in 1514 in honor of Gülbahar Hatun, the mother of Yavuz Sultan Selim, one of the illustrious sultans of the Ottoman Empire, is a stunning piece of history. Known as Büyük İmaret or Hatuniye Camii, this architectural gem invites you to step back in time and experience the grandeur of a bygone era. Nestled in a picturesque setting, the mosque's intricate design and serene ambiance make it a must-visit for anyone exploring the region. As you wander through its sacred halls, you'll be captivated by the exquisite craftsmanship and historical significance that permeate every corner. The mosque not only serves as a place of worship but also as a testament to the rich cultural heritage of the Ottoman period. Its unique blend of Islamic architecture and artistry is truly mesmerizing. Did you know that Gülbahar Hatun was known for her charitable works and dedication to public welfare? Her legacy lives on in this magnificent structure, which continues to inspire visitors from all over the world. Whether you're a history buff, an architecture enthusiast, or simply someone seeking a moment of tranquility, this mosque offers a unique glimpse into the past, wrapped in an aura of timeless beauty.

Hagia Sophia stands as one of the most visited museums and a truly iconic monument worldwide, celebrated for both its artistic grandeur and architectural brilliance. Back in the 6th century, East Roman Philon even dubbed it "the eighth wonder of the world," which speaks volumes about its timeless allure. Standing proudly in Istanbul, Turkey, Hagia Sophia has witnessed the ebb and flow of empires, serving as a cathedral, a mosque, and now a museum. Its stunning domes and intricate mosaics tell stories of a rich past, captivating travelers from every corner of the globe. As you wander through its hallowed halls, you can almost hear the whispers of history echoing around you. Don't forget to look up and marvel at the vast dome, a masterpiece of engineering that seems to float effortlessly above.

It’s a beautiful area and is a place for exploring rare speciments both flora and fauna. A place for eco tourism, summer camping, mountain horse-riding, and some extremal activities – like mountain climbing. https://visit-sochi.org/caucasian-state-biosphere-reserve/

An aquapark in the Kurortnii Gorodok of Adler. Barely glancing at “Amfibius” you will see a “city in a city”. I mean, there so many things to do at so big area – more than two hectares of land, it simply defies the imagination with its size. And, once inside, you realize that the organizers bothered that you get the whole range of services for the best, carefree holiday. The complex is surprising not only for its big area, but also for the variety of entertainment options available. It’s true to say that even the most sophisticated visitors can find here a pleasant pastime. Aquapark has 16 rides. Most of them will be interesting for both children and adults. First you will meet three fast tracks with spectacular name “Kamikadze”, each 15 meters high. Ride on them thrills even fans of speed. Then head toward the bright red “Laguna”, repeat some sharp turns, and then proceed to – to the quirky “Giant”, which gives a lot of vivid impressions. There is also a unique slide “Taboga” – a kind of water slalom. The main thing on it – resist falling. Finally, fans of extreme relaxation can try «Blue Hall». This blue tube of enormous size, spun on such a scale that sustain its sharp turns and bends can be tested by the bravest. At the end, the pipe will make you fly a distance longer than 100 meters. All these water attractions are located in one of the pool. Visitors on holidays in this part of the park, not only provided a riot of colors, but also a lot of pleasant sensations, fun, sun, and, of course, the warm water. Needless to say, once visited the water park “Amfibius”, you certainly will want to come back here again. https://visit-sochi.org/aquapark-amphibius/

Nestled in the charming Kasaba village of Yavuzeli, Gaziantep, stands a majestic Greek castle. This ancient fortress proudly overlooks where the Fırat River meets the Merzimen stream. Believed to have been constructed in 840 B.C. during the late Hittite period, this historic site whispers tales of a bygone era. Exploring the castle grounds, you'll find yourself transported back in time, imagining the stories and lives that once unfolded within these stone walls. The views from the castle are nothing short of breathtaking, offering a sweeping panorama of the surrounding landscape. Gaziantep itself is a city rich in history and culture, known for its exquisite cuisine and warm hospitality. While in the area, don't miss the opportunity to taste some of the local delicacies, like the world-famous Gaziantep baklava and succulent kebabs. Whether you're a history buff or just someone who appreciates stunning architecture, this Greek castle is a must-see. It's a place where the past and present beautifully intertwine, leaving visitors with a sense of wonder and a deeper appreciation for the stories etched into every stone.

Circuit in the Olympic Park – is another interesting place for lovers of speed and cool cars. Currently offers several basic services for everyone. https://visit-sochi.org/sochi-autodrom/

In the city of Kahramanmaraş, one of the significant historical gems is the Hatuniye Mosque, dating back to the Ottoman period. This mosque is a testament to the rich cultural heritage that defines the region. Walking through its majestic halls, you can almost hear the whispers of history echoing in the air. Kahramanmaraş is not just about its historical sites. It's also renowned for its delicious ice cream, known as dondurma, which has a unique stretchy texture. Be sure to savor a scoop while exploring this fascinating city. The combination of tradition and flavor creates an unforgettable experience for any traveler.

Welcome to the oldest mosque in Gaziantep, a true gem of history and architecture. Built in 1357 by Boyacı Yusuf and Kadı Kemalettin, this mosque is a stunning example of Turkish Mamluk artistry. Its marble and tile decorations are nothing short of spectacular, each piece telling a story of its own. The wooden balcony here is particularly special. It's the oldest example of wooden craftsmanship in Gaziantep, featuring twelve-branched stars adorned with pelmet, rosette, and geometric motifs. As you explore this historic site, you'll be transported back in time. The mosque's serene atmosphere invites contemplation and wonder, a perfect spot to pause and appreciate the artistry that has stood the test of centuries. Take a moment to gaze up at the intricate designs on the ceiling; they’re a testament to the skilled artisans who once worked tirelessly to create such beauty. Plus, nearby, you'll find charming local cafes where you can savor traditional Turkish tea and pastries. This blend of history and culture makes a visit to Gaziantep's oldest mosque an unforgettable experience.

Yuşa Peygamber, a notable figure in history, was one of the sons of İsrail and the nephew of Hz. Musa. He played a pivotal role in leading the people of İsrail from their nomadic ways to settle in the land of Arzı Kenan. This transition marked a significant chapter in the region's rich history, blending ancient traditions with new beginnings. If you find yourself exploring this area, take a moment to appreciate the deep-seated history that surrounds you. The landscape itself is a testimony to the perseverance and vision of those who came before. It's a place where stories from the past continue to echo, inviting visitors to imagine the lives led by those who once called it home.

The Ulu (Grand) Mosque, standing tall since the 15th century, is a significant historical gem in the region. Its age-old walls echo stories of the past, inviting you to imagine the lives and events that have unfolded within. As you walk through its ancient halls, you can almost feel the whisper of history in the air. The mosque is not just an architectural marvel; it's a testament to the area's rich cultural heritage. Visitors often find themselves captivated by its intricate designs and the serene atmosphere that envelops the entire site. If you're a history enthusiast or someone who simply appreciates stunning architecture, this is a must-visit spot.

Heidarzadeh Edifice stands proudly as one of Tabriz's most stunning historical homes. Built around 1870, this two-story marvel features both private and public courtyards, sprawling across a 900 square meter area. The architecture is a beautiful blend of traditional Persian style with intricate details that captivate the eye. As you wander through its halls, you'll be transported back in time, imagining the stories that the walls could tell. The house serves not only as a reminder of the past but also as a testament to the craftsmanship and artistry of its era. If you ever find yourself in Tabriz, visiting this gem is a must—it offers a unique peek into the rich cultural heritage of the region.

The Azerbaijan Museum holds the title of Iran's second most treasure-laden museum, right after the National Museum. This fascinating three-floor establishment, featuring a spacious porch and a stately mansion, sprawls across 2,400 square meters and was completed in 1957. The architectural blueprint was crafted by none other than Andre Godard, a renowned French archaeologist. Walking through its halls, you can't help but feel a connection to the past. The museum's exhibits reveal a rich tapestry of history, showcasing artifacts that span centuries and cultures. It's a place where history buffs and curious travelers alike can find something to marvel at. The museum is nestled in Tabriz, a city known for its bustling bazaars and rich history, making it a perfect stop for those exploring the cultural wonders of Iran.

Nestled in the southeast of Tabriz, El Guli Park is a stunning gem in Iran's collection of natural wonders. While the exact date of its inception and the identity of its founder remain a mystery, clues from the Safavid and Aq Qoyunlu periods offer tantalizing hints at its historical roots. This park isn't just about history; it's a delightful escape for anyone craving a breath of fresh air and a splash of nature. The centerpiece is a serene lake, perfect for a peaceful afternoon stroll. Picture yourself wandering along tree-lined paths, surrounded by lush greenery. The park is also a favorite among locals, who love to gather here for picnics and leisurely walks. It’s a fantastic spot for people-watching and soaking up the local culture. If you’re visiting in spring, the blooming flowers add a riot of colors, making it even more enchanting.

It is estimated that the building, which was considered as the largest closed market after Istanbul in the Ottoman period, was built in the 15th century. The only inscription in the building, which contains many bazaars with different names, is located in the bazaar built by Hacı Efendi in 1844. The bazaar, almost all of which was burnt as a result of the fire in 1870, was rebuilt with stone materials with the efforts of Osman Pasha of Maraş. The building is referred to as the "magnificent masonry market" that covers more than two thousand shops and shops in the 1907 Ankara Yearbook. The Grand Bazaar still houses shops where local food and handicrafts are sold. https://www.kayseri.bel.tr/kesfet-listeleme/kapali-carsi

It is known that Zeynel Abidin, one of the prominent of the Rufai Sect, built a lodge, mosque and fountain in the environment where the tomb is today. Known as Imam Sultan in Kayseri, Zeynel Abidin died in Kayseri in 1414 and a modest mausoleum was built on the grave at the present place. II. In the time of Abdulhamit, in 1886, the existing tomb was built in the place where Zeynel Abidin's grave was located. The tomb is a square planned structure and is covered with a dome. There are two lines of couplets on all the windows of the building with three windows on each side. There is a sarcophagus of Zeynel Abidin in the middle of the tomb. In the building inscription on the entrance door of the building, it is engraved on an oval medallion. https://www.kayseri.bel.tr/kesfet-listeleme/zeynel-abidin-turbesi

Clock tower II. It was built in 1906 by Tavlusunlu Salih Usta with the order of Abdülhamit and the support of Kayseri Governor Haydar Bey. The rectangular space next to it was built as a clock room. The 15-meter high tower can be reached by spiral stairs. During the National Struggle period, Anadolu and Rumeli Müdafaa-i Hukuk Cemlığı were used as Kayseri Branch. There is a rectangular opening in the pointed pyramidal cone section covering the tower and a clock bell inside it. Constructed of cut stone, the structure is divided into three sections with transversely arranged mouldings. There are circular openings arranged for the clock on each side of the upper section. https://www.kayseri.bel.tr/kesfet-listeleme/saat-kulesi

Based on the history of the city, the museum, which focuses on the Anatolian medieval and Seljuk Civilization, was planned with a thematic approach. In one part, the museum emphasizes the civilization about the Seljuk Civilization, while the other part brings the feature of healing to the fore. In the section about Seljuk Civilization; There are sections such as 'Seljuk City', 'architecture', 'art', 'science', 'clothing', and 'Seljuks in Kayseri', 'Seljuks in Anatolia'. In the section about Şifahiye; There are sections such as 'diseases', 'treatment methods and instruments', 'scholars', 'medicine', 'water and health', 'music treatment', 'color treatment'. In addition to the works of the Seljuk and its recent period, there are interactive and technological visual areas in the museum. Thus, our visitors; It receives information about Seljuk Civilization by listening, experimenting, applying and using technological tools. There are also cartoons and various games in our children's room for children to love the museum and Seljuk. There are also places where various concerts and cultural activities will be held in the museum. https://www.kayseri.bel.tr/kesfet-listeleme/selcuklu-uygarligi-muzesi

Nestled in the heart of Turkey, Mount Erciyes towers at an impressive 3,916 meters. This majestic volcanic giant, eternally cloaked in snow and mist, has become a defining symbol of Kayseri. Its fiery past is etched into the region's history, as the volcanic eruptions that once shaped the landscape also created the whimsical fairy-chimneys of nearby Cappadocia. The ancient Meek people, who once thrived at the mountain's base, were so captivated by its power that they minted coins depicting Erciyes with lava dramatically spewing from its peak. The mountain's allure extends far beyond its mythical past. In 1837, W. J. Hamilton became the first to conquer its summit, followed by the first Turkish ascent by Miralay Cemil Cahit Bey in 1924. Today, Erciyes is a magnet for adventure seekers and snow enthusiasts alike, boasting some of Turkey's finest winter sports facilities. From the top, when the skies are clear, the view is nothing short of breathtaking. You can gaze across a panorama that stretches from the enchanting valleys of Cappadocia to the rugged Taurus Mountains. For those who love a blend of history and outdoor thrills, Mount Erciyes offers an unforgettable experience. Beyond the slopes and trails, Kayseri itself is worth exploring. Known for its rich culinary scene, don't miss the chance to try 'mantı,' a local dumpling dish that will delight your taste buds. Whether you're carving through fresh powder or soaking in the cultural vibes, Mount Erciyes and its surroundings promise a unique Turkish adventure.

Step into Aleppo, a city that feels like a living museum, where the echoes of ancient civilizations whisper through its streets. As one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, Aleppo is a treasure trove of history that stretches back over four millennia. The city's crown jewel is undoubtedly the Citadel of Aleppo, an architectural marvel that stands as a testament to its rich and intricate past. Exploring the Citadel is like peeling back layers of time. This fortress has seen empires rise and fall, and its walls have stories to tell from every era of Near Eastern history. The Citadel isn't just a relic of the past; it's a vibrant part of the city's present, with locals and visitors alike marveling at its grandeur. While you're wandering through Aleppo, take a moment to savor the aroma of its famous souks. The bustling markets are filled with the scent of exotic spices, handmade crafts, and the lively chatter of traders. Don’t miss trying some local delicacies; Aleppo is famous for its cuisine, which is as rich and diverse as its history. Whether you're a history buff or just someone who loves to explore new cultures, Aleppo offers a unique glimpse into a world where ancient and modern coexist in harmony. It's a place that invites you to walk its storied paths and become a part of its ongoing narrative.

One of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, Aleppo preserves remnants of more than four millennia of Near Eastern history. The Citadel of Aleppo is a densely layered microcosm of this long and complex history. The majority of the structures on the citadel were erected by the Ayyubids in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, but substantial structures are also preserved from the Ottoman period (beginning in the sixteenth century). The citadel was built on a natural limestone outcropping rising some 100 feet (30 meters) above the level of the surrounding plain. Its high walls, imposing entry bridge, and great gateway remain largely intact and dominate the skyline of the city. Within its walls, the fabric of the citadel’s inner spaces has been compromised by a succession of invasions, earthquakes, and natural decay caused by exposure to the elements. Recent excavations uncovered substantial remains of an important Bronze Age neo-Hittite temple, in use for the most part of the third and second millennia B.C. The temple is decorated with an elaborate system of reliefs that depict deities and fantastic creatures and that are an important addition to the record of this early period in Syria’s history. https://www.wmf.org/project/citadel-aleppo

The Great Mosque of Aleppo is situated in the center of the city. The construction of the building dates ta the Omayyad period. The building has, however, undergone numerous repairs and changes before taking its present form. it was built approximately 1 O years after the Damascus Omayyad Mosque, and as such, is one of the first buildings of the early period of Islamic architecture. The mosque is situated in a commercial district, with bazaars and several madrasas nearby. Several buildings belonging ta the pre-Islamic period, including a Roman temple and a Byzantine church, were located near the mosque, and their remains can be seen today. The mosque has been altered by many repairs and renovations. In 715, the Omayyad Caliph Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik commissioned the construction of a Friday Mosque on the site of a cathedral. Aleppo and its surroundings were attacked by the Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros il in 926. The building, damaged as a result of this attack, was repaired by Seyfuddevle al-Hamadani in 965. lıWıen the Great Seljuks ruled the region, the Sultan Malik Shah commissioned an important restoration campaign, and also added the minaret to the mosque. Repair and renovation activities were carried out in 1090 during the reign of his brother Tutus. One of the oldest parts of the building is the minaret. The minaret, with a square body, is remarkable tor its Kufic inscription bands, stylized plant and Rumi decorations, and stalactites. http://www.selcuklumirasi.com/architecture-detail/aleppo-great-mosque#

The Great Umayyad Mosque stands as a stunning testament to the grandeur of Islamic civilization, radiating historical pride. This architectural marvel has significantly shaped the evolution of mosque architecture throughout the Muslim world. Its intricate design and majestic presence make it a must-see for anyone fascinated by history and culture. As you wander through its vast courtyards and admire the exquisite details of its structure, you'll be transported back in time. The mosque's walls echo stories of ancient times, and the atmosphere feels almost sacred. Did you know that the site was originally a temple dedicated to Jupiter before transforming into a church and finally a mosque? This rich history adds layers of depth to your visit, making it even more memorable.

Imagine stepping back in time as you wander through the historic halls of the National Museum of Aleppo. Established in 1931, this treasure trove of art and archaeology has its roots in a collection that began in 1928. Originally focused on artifacts from the dawn of civilization up to the pre-Greco-Roman era, the museum's early finds were predominantly from Tell Halaf. By the late 1960s, the collection had outgrown its Ottoman-era home, prompting the creation of a new, modern museum building. This new space was completed and opened to the public in 1972, and it continues to captivate visitors with its diverse exhibits. The Pre-historic Art wing showcases fascinating relics like ancient bones and pottery from Syria and the Euphrates Valley. Some of these items date back a staggering million years, offering a glimpse into a time long before written history emerged around 3,200 BC. It's a humbling experience to stand in the presence of objects that predate human civilization as we know it. Moving into the Arab Islamic Art section, you'll find displays organized by function and medium, featuring pottery, ceramics, metalwork, and glass from various Islamic dynasties. The collection includes stunning gold and silver coins from the Umayyad, Abbasid, Ayyubid, and Mamluk periods. A particular highlight is a stone cenotaph adorned with exquisite floriated kufic calligraphy. Don't miss the side chamber, where medieval military equipment and an intricately designed Ottoman wooden ceiling are on display. For those with a passion for contemporary creations, the Modern Art wing offers a rich selection of paintings by Syrian artists, especially those from Aleppo. Explore a variety of styles, from realism to cubism and expressionism, reflecting the vibrant artistic spirit of the region. If you ever find yourself in Aleppo, this museum is a must-visit destination. It's not just a place to see art and artifacts; it's a journey through time, offering insights into the rich cultural heritage of Syria. So, take your time, soak it all in, and let history speak to you through these incredible pieces.

Nestled between Yesilhisar and Yahyali in the picturesque province of Kayseri, you'll find a natural wonderland that's truly worth exploring. This area boasts four distinct locations, each offering its own unique charm: Yay Lake spans a vast 3,650 hectares, Kebir Sazligi covers 1,900 hectares, Sultansazligi stretches over 3,300 hectares, and Otluk Alan is the largest, with an impressive 8,350 hectares. Kayseri's natural reserve is renowned for its stunning landscapes and rich biodiversity. Birdwatchers will be in paradise, as these wetlands are home to a variety of migratory birds, making it a prime spot for ornithologists and nature lovers alike. The serene beauty of these areas is perfect for those looking to escape the hustle and bustle of city life. Whether you're an avid hiker or just looking for a peaceful retreat, the lush greenery and tranquil waters will captivate your senses. It's not just the scenery that's appealing; the region's history and culture are also fascinating. Kayseri itself is known for its delicious cuisine, so be sure to try some local dishes while you're there. The blend of natural beauty and cultural richness makes this destination a must-visit for any traveler seeking a unique adventure.

Sultan Han Caravanserai is located in the Sultan Hani District of Bünyan District, located on the 46th km of Kayseri-Sivas road. The neighbourhood got its name from this work. It was built between 1232-1236 during the reign of Seljuk Sultan Alaeddin Keykubat I. It is one of the best examples of the Seljuk architect style. Very smooth cut stone was used on the body walls. The joints are very uniform and show a structure called "not to flow". The arch built with the alternating use of beige and brownstone attracts attention at the crown gate of the courtyard. Depending on the stone material, decorations with relief and carving techniques can be seen in the crown doors, two corner towers and Köşk Mescit. https://www.kayseri.bel.tr/kesfet-listeleme/sultan-hani-kervansarayi

Located in the Opukske Reserve, in the Kerch outskirts, Lake Koyashske is one of the inimitable wonders of Crimean Peninsula. There are several unique characteristics for which the lake stands out. Lake Koyashske is considered to be the saltiest in Crimea – a liter of its water contains 350 grams of salt. Therefore, the locals were used to extract this popular mineral here. But the lake’s main highlight is its changing-colour properties that depend on the season. So when it's hot, the water is pink-coloured – creating fantastic scenery it sharply contrasts with the white shores and blue buzzing waters of the Black Sea. The main reason for such an unusual colour of the lake is the microscopic algae that live there. They contain a special scarlet pigment in its structure that gives water such a characteristic color. The other reason of lake’s red colour is brine shrimps that also live here. https://discover-ukraine.info/places/crimea/kerch/2570

Aqua Vega Aquarium is one of Turkey's and Europe's largest tunnel aquariums, with a total capacity of 4.5 million litres of waters and 98 meters in length. Aqua Vega Aquarium has large and small, consisting of salt and freshwater aquariums with different characteristics. In this atmosphere, you can be guest into the world of fascinating sea creatures from the oceans and rivers of the world. The world's seas and oceans are still a huge universe waiting to be discovered. You have the opportunity to discover this colourful and peaceful world of the sea creatures with Aqua Vega Aquarium in the center of Ankara. https://www.goturkeytourism.com/things-to-do/aqua-vega-aquarium-ankara.html

The former Turkish fortress Yeni-Kale, whose picturesque fragments stand on the coast in the eastern part of the city, is a valuable monument of architecture and is reckoned among the most interesting and symbolic attractions of Kerch. The powerful fort with original shapes was built by Turks in the early 18th century, during aggravation of the conflict between the Ottoman and the Russian empires, caused by longtime rivalry for dominance in the Black Sea. Fortress’s construction was supervised by an eminent Italian architect with assistance of French engineers. Built within several years, the fortifications were called Yeni-Kale, which means New Fortress in Turkish. Situated on the steep shore of the Kerch Bay’s narrowest part and armed with massive guns, the fort had a high strategic importance for Ottomans and brilliantly performed its primary function: prevented Russian Empire’s ships from moving in direction of the Azov Sea and the Black Sea. In addition, Yeni-Kale was a residence of the Turkish pasha. https://discover-ukraine.info/places/crimea/kerch/1409

Ulucanlar Prison was established in 1925 and was transferred to Sincan Prison in 2006 and closed. In June 2011, it was repaired by Altındağ Municipality and opened to visitors as Ulucanlar Prison Museum. In the Ulucanlar Prison Museum, there are courtyards where 81 years of journalists, writers, poets, politicians who have been imprisoned because of their thoughts, their personal belongings and photographs were taken while in prison are exhibited. Ulucanlar Prison Museum Visiting Hours: 10:00 - 17:00 Ulucanlar Prison Museum Holidays: Monday https://www.kulturportali.gov.tr/turkiye/ankara/gezilecekyer/ulucanlar-cezaev-muzes

The exact date of Ankara Castle's construction remains a mystery, though it's often attributed to the Hittites, who maintained a military presence in the area. However, this theory lacks solid archaeological backing. Nestled on a hill, the castle has stood its ground since ancient times, witnessing the eras of the Romans, Byzantines, and Seljuks. It's composed of an inner section at the hill's peak and an outer wall that wraps around the old city of Ankara, boasting about 20 towers. This outer fortification is like a guardian encircling the historic part of the city. Throughout history, Ankara Castle has seen its share of drama. In the 2nd century BC, after the Romans took over Galatia, which includes the Ankara region, the city expanded beyond the castle's boundaries. Roman Emperor Caracalla took action in 217 AD to repair the castle walls. Between 222 and 260 AD, the Persians defeated Emperors Severus Alexander and Valerian, leading to partial destruction of the fortress. The Romans later resumed repairs in the latter half of the 7th century. Emperor Constantine added an outer wall in 688, and by 740, Emperor Leo IV had reinforced the inner castle walls. The 9th century saw further restoration under Emperors Nikephoros and Basil. Today, exploring the castle offers a glimpse into a rich past, with each stone whispering tales of bygone eras. The panoramic views from the top are simply breathtaking, showcasing the sprawling modern city juxtaposed against its ancient roots. It's a must-visit for history buffs and anyone with a curious spirit.

The Museum of Anatolian Civilizations, located in Ankara province of Turkey, is just like a gift for history lovers. This superb museum is the perfect introduction to the complex weave of Turkey's ancient past, with its beautiful artefacts picked from just the significant archaeological site in Anatolia. Very few places in the world could give you a chronological understanding of mankind's mind-boggling progress. Anatolian Civilizations Museum in Ankara is one of them. Arranged as a chronological spiral, this museum will take you on a journey from 900 thousand years ago, to the present time. The Museum of Anatolian Civilizations has on display priceless artefacts dating from the Paleolithic and Neolithic Ages and from Hittite, Phrygian, Urartu and Roman civilizations. https://www.goturkeytourism.com/things-to-do/anatolian-civilizations-museum-ankara.html

The theatre was built on a semicircular plan, and the hillside of the citadel supported its audience. Two vaulted passages still lead to the orchestra, a semicircular space occupied by the choir during the performances. In the case of the theatre in Ankara, it has a diameter of about 13 meters and is surrounded by a thick wall. Unfortunately, it is not known what material was used for the floor of the orchestra. A proscenium, i.e. the platform where the actors performed, has also been preserved. Only the northern part of skene, the structure at the back of a theatre stage housing changing rooms and warehouses of props, has survived in Ankara. The choir used the passages called parodoi, of which the eastern one survived to our times in its entirety, and the western one - only in fragments. The seats in the theatre and radially ascending stairs were made of stones, debris, and plaster. The auditorium was divided into four horizontal sections. It is estimated that the theatre had from 20 to 22 rows of seats and it could accommodate between three and five thousand spectators. Therefore, it is a relatively small example of such a building in Asia Minor. The seats from the audience were later used to build the walls of the citadel, although archaeologists managed to excavate two of them in their original location. They were made of andesite, and their height was about 40 cm. https://turkisharchaeonews.net/object/ancient-theatre-ankara