Ankara

The exact date of Ankara Castle's construction remains a mystery, though it's often attributed to the Hittites, who maintained a military presence in the area. However, this theory lacks solid archaeological backing. Nestled on a hill, the castle has stood its ground since ancient times, witnessing the eras of the Romans, Byzantines, and Seljuks. It's composed of an inner section at the hill's peak and an outer wall that wraps around the old city of Ankara, boasting about 20 towers. This outer fortification is like a guardian encircling the historic part of the city. Throughout history, Ankara Castle has seen its share of drama. In the 2nd century BC, after the Romans took over Galatia, which includes the Ankara region, the city expanded beyond the castle's boundaries. Roman Emperor Caracalla took action in 217 AD to repair the castle walls. Between 222 and 260 AD, the Persians defeated Emperors Severus Alexander and Valerian, leading to partial destruction of the fortress. The Romans later resumed repairs in the latter half of the 7th century. Emperor Constantine added an outer wall in 688, and by 740, Emperor Leo IV had reinforced the inner castle walls. The 9th century saw further restoration under Emperors Nikephoros and Basil. Today, exploring the castle offers a glimpse into a rich past, with each stone whispering tales of bygone eras. The panoramic views from the top are simply breathtaking, showcasing the sprawling modern city juxtaposed against its ancient roots. It's a must-visit for history buffs and anyone with a curious spirit.

Before Anitkabir was built, the area known as Anittepe, or Monument Hill, was originally called Rasattepe, meaning Observation Hill. This name came from an observatory that once stood there. The hill was also home to ancient tombs from the Phrygian civilization dating back to the 3rd Century BC. When the decision was made to construct Anitkabir on Rasattepe, archaeological excavations were conducted to carefully relocate these historical graves. You can now view these fascinating relics at the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations, a must-visit for history enthusiasts. The journey to build Anitkabir began with the expropriation of the land after the project was approved. The actual construction kicked off with much fanfare on October 9, 1944, as the first stone was laid in a grand ceremony. The building process took nine years, divided into four distinct stages. Stage two, which included the mausoleum itself and the auxiliary buildings that frame the ceremonial ground, began on September 29, 1945, and was completed by August 8, 1950. The third stage of this monumental project involved constructing the roads leading to the mausoleum, Lions’ Alley, the ceremonial ground, the stone pavement at the mausoleum's upper level, the grand stairs, and placing the significant tombstone. It also included installing essential utilities like electricity, plumbing, and heating systems. Anitkabir isn't just a historical site; it's a place where you can feel the weight of history and the aspirations of a nation. The design reflects both Turkish and modernist influences, making it a unique architectural marvel. If you visit, don't miss the impressive views of Ankara from the site. The surrounding Peace Park, with its lush greenery and symbolic trees from around the world, offers a serene contrast to the solemnity of the mausoleum.

Nestled in the heart of Ankara, the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations is a true haven for history enthusiasts. This remarkable museum serves as a gateway to Turkey's ancient past, showcasing stunning artifacts from some of the most significant archaeological sites in Anatolia. It's like a treasure trove waiting to be explored, offering a fascinating glimpse into the rich and varied history of this region. Few places in the world can offer such a comprehensive chronological journey through human progress. The Anatolian Civilizations Museum is one of those rare gems. The exhibits are arranged in a captivating spiral, guiding visitors from the depths of time—900,000 years ago—right up to the present day. It's a journey that leaves you in awe of humanity's incredible advancements. The museum proudly displays priceless artifacts from the Paleolithic and Neolithic Ages, along with items from the Hittite, Phrygian, Urartu, and Roman civilizations. Each piece tells a story of the people who once called this land home. As you wander through the galleries, you might feel as if you've stepped into a time machine, traveling through eras that shaped the world as we know it today. Ankara itself is a city that beautifully balances its ancient roots with modern life. While you're there, don't miss the chance to stroll through the bustling streets, where traditional Turkish markets meet contemporary cafes. It's a city that invites you to explore its layers, much like the museum itself.

The Roman Bath ruins, just a short 400-meter stroll from Ulus along Çankırı Avenue, are a fascinating piece of history waiting to be explored. These ancient relics were fully unearthed between 1939 and 1943, and by the early 2000s, they had been transformed into what we now enjoy as the Open Air Museum. This place is steeped in history, having been constructed during the reign of Roman Emperor Caracalla between 212 and 217 AD. Interestingly, the site reveals layers of settlement from various eras: Phrygian, Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk, and Ottoman. The complex is divided into two main sections: the Pillared Road and the Hamam Building. Walking through these areas, you can't help but imagine the bustling activity of ancient times. The architecture of the Roman Bath is a testament to the engineering prowess of the Romans, with intricate designs that have withstood the test of time. For those interested in archaeology or history, this site offers a tangible connection to the past. It's not just about the ruins themselves, but the stories they tell about the people who once walked these grounds. If you're planning a visit, consider timing it with one of the guided tours offered, as the insights from knowledgeable guides can truly enrich your experience.

Nestled in the heart of Ankara, the ancient theatre is a hidden gem that whispers stories of the past. It was masterfully built on a semicircular plan, with the citadel's hillside embracing its audience like an old friend. Imagine walking through the vaulted passages that once led to the orchestra, a semicircular hub where choirs filled the air with melodies during performances. This theatre, measuring around 13 meters in diameter, is encircled by a robust wall that has stood the test of time. Curiously, the material that once adorned the orchestra's floor remains a mystery. The proscenium, the very platform where actors brought stories to life, still stands today. Although only the northern part of the skene survives, it gives a glimpse into the backstage world where actors prepared for their roles. The choir made their grand entrances through passages called parodoi. The eastern one has stood the test of time in its entirety, while the western one lingers only in fragments. The seating arrangement is a marvel. Stones, debris, and plaster formed the radially ascending stairs and seats, which were divided into four horizontal sections. This theatre, with its 20 to 22 rows of seats, could once host between three and five thousand spectators. It's a relatively small but charming example of such a structure in Asia Minor. Interestingly, some of the original seats were repurposed to construct the citadel walls, yet archaeologists unearthed two intact in their original spots. These andesite seats, standing about 40 cm tall, offer a tangible link to the past. Ankara's theatre isn't just a relic; it's a testament to the city's rich history and an invitation to imagine the vibrant performances that once graced its stage. If you ever find yourself wandering through Ankara, this theatre is a must-see, offering a unique glimpse into the cultural tapestry of ancient times.

Aqua Vega Aquarium is a mesmerizing jewel nestled in Ankara, Turkey. It's not just one of Turkey's largest tunnel aquariums but also ranks among the biggest in Europe. Imagine wandering through a 98-meter-long tunnel surrounded by 4.5 million liters of water. It's like stepping into another world where the wonders of the ocean unfold all around you. The aquarium offers a captivating mix of both saltwater and freshwater environments, each with its own unique charm. You'll meet an array of fascinating sea creatures, from the mysterious depths of the world's oceans to the lively rivers. This place is perfect for anyone curious about the marine universe. Aqua Vega Aquarium gives you a chance to explore the colorful and serene world of aquatic life right in the heart of Ankara. It's not just an aquarium; it's a journey into the mysteries of the sea. And while you're there, don't miss the chance to learn about the conservation efforts they support, which aim to protect these incredible marine habitats for future generations.

The Ethnography Museum of Ankara holds a special place in the heart of Turkey's cultural heritage. It's the very first museum established by the Turkish Republic, thanks to the vision of Atatürk, the country's revered leader. Designed by the esteemed architect Arif Hikmet Koyunoğlu, this museum is a masterpiece of the Republican era. Its architecture beautifully showcases the diverse historical periods of Anatolia, from ancient times to the Republic. The museum first opened its doors to the public on July 18, 1930. However, from November 1938, its inner courtyard served as the temporary resting place for Atatürk until 1953. It wasn't until the International Museums Week in October 1956 that the museum welcomed visitors again. Inside, the Ethnography Museum offers a treasure trove of cultural artifacts. You'll find a captivating array of folk costumes, intricate ornaments, and unique Turkish tools gathered from different corners of Anatolia. The museum also boasts stunning examples of Ottoman calligraphy, exquisite Turkish tile and glass crafts, intricate metalwork, and beautifully carved wooden pieces. Don't miss the impressive collection of carpets and kilims from renowned weaving centers like Uşak, Bergama, Kula, Milas, Ladik, Karaman, Niğde, and Kırşehir. For those interested in delving deeper into the region's heritage, the museum houses a specialized library filled with resources on Anatolian ethnography and folklore. It's a place where history and art come alive, offering a glimpse into the rich tapestry of Anatolian life. Interestingly, the museum's location in Ankara provides a unique perspective on Turkey's journey from its roots to modern times. The city itself is a vibrant blend of history and contemporary life, making it an ideal backdrop for the museum's exhibits. Whether you're an art enthusiast or a history buff, the Ethnography Museum of Ankara promises an enriching experience that captures the essence of Turkey's diverse cultural landscape.

The Temple of Augustus and Roma in Ankara is a fascinating relic from the ancient world. It was constructed after the Roman Emperor Octavian Augustus conquered Central Anatolia in 25 BCE. Back then, the city was known as Ancyra, and it became the capital of the newly established Province of Galatia. After Augustus passed away in 14 CE, a copy of his autobiography, "Deeds of the Divine Augustus," was inscribed on the temple walls in both Latin and Greek. While many such copies existed throughout the Roman Empire, the version found in Ankara, called the Monumentum Ancyranum, is one of the most well-preserved. This makes it an invaluable resource for historians studying that era. In the early 3rd century BCE, the Celtic people from Northern Europe made their way to the Anatolian highlands. Their journey took them through Macedonia and Greece, where the Greeks began referring to them as the Galatians. Interestingly, they didn't arrive in Asia Minor as invaders. Instead, they were invited by King Nikomedes I of Bithynia, who sought their help in his conflict against his brother, Zipoetes II. Today, Ankara is a bustling city where the ancient and modern worlds coexist. Visitors can explore the remnants of the temple and imagine the stories these stones could tell. It's a place where history feels alive, offering a unique window into the past while you stand amidst the hustle and bustle of contemporary life.

Imagine stepping into a place where history whispers through the walls. That's exactly what you experience at the Ulucanlar Prison Museum in Ankara, Turkey. Established in 1925, this prison housed journalists, writers, poets, and politicians for decades until it closed in 2006. In 2011, the Altındağ Municipality breathed new life into the site, transforming it into a museum that invites visitors to explore its past. Walking through the museum, you find yourself in the very courtyards where these influential figures once stood. It's a poignant experience, seeing personal belongings and photographs that capture moments from their time in confinement. These items tell stories of resilience and courage, echoing the voices of those who fought for their beliefs. The museum is open from 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM but is closed on Mondays. If you plan to visit, make sure to allocate enough time to fully absorb the atmosphere and reflect on the powerful narratives housed within these historic walls. It's not just a visit; it's a journey through time. While you're in Ankara, consider exploring other nearby attractions, such as the stunning Atakule Tower or the historic Ankara Castle, both offering unique perspectives on this vibrant city. And remember, each corner of Ankara has its own story to tell, just like the Ulucanlar Prison Museum.

Nestled in the Honor Hall of the Ziraat Bank Head Office Building in Ankara, the Ziraat Bank Museum is a hidden gem waiting to be discovered. This architectural marvel, crafted by the renowned Italian architect Giulio Mongeri between 1926 and 1929, stands as a proud testament to the First National Architecture Period. The museum first opened its doors on November 20, 1981, marking the 118th anniversary of the bank with a ceremony led by the Advisory Council President Şadi Irmak. As Turkey's very first bank museum, this fascinating place offers an intriguing glimpse into the evolution of the country's commercial banking system. It showcases the intertwined history of Turkey's economic, political, cultural, and artistic progress. Visitors are invited to explore a rich collection of antique objects that were once integral to banking operations. These artifacts are beautifully displayed in a setting that truly captures the essence of a bygone era. Beyond its historical exhibits, the museum also provides an educational experience, shedding light on how banking systems have evolved over time. An interesting tidbit: the building itself, with its elegant design and historical significance, is a popular subject for architecture students and enthusiasts alike. The Ziraat Bank Museum is more than just a museum; it's a journey through time that connects the past with the present in a uniquely engaging way.

Nestled amid the lush greenery of Gazi Tepe, Türbe Tepe, and Mangal Mountain, the Duatepe Monument stands as a testament to a pivotal chapter in Turkish history. This site marks the last line of defense during the Sakarya Square War, a crucial turning point in the War of Independence. In a remarkable transformation, work began on this historic site in October 1999. By the time of its completion on September 12, 2000, 20,000 trees had been planted, bringing new life to the landscape. The monument consists of five distinct parts: a welcoming parking lot, a connection road, a scenic walkway, a ceremony area, and the monument itself. As you wander through, you'll notice the names of 81 martyrs etched in brass letters on the walls, a poignant reminder of the sacrifices made. This moving tribute was crafted by the talented State Artist and sculptor, Metin Yurdanur. The monument powerfully narrates the story of the Anatolian people's journey to victory and progress, likened to a spirited river led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. One can't help but be captivated by the striking figure of Mustafa Kemal on his rearing horse, embodying the pride and joy of leading the Turkish Nation. Behind him, sculptures of Atatürk, İnönü, and Marshal Fevzi Çakmak represent the command unit, while the statue of Halide Edip Adıvar highlights the vital role of Turkish women in the War of Independence. A particularly touching scene depicts Atatürk and a child gazing over the plain through binoculars, symbolizing the nation's anticipation of impending victory and the promise of freedom. While you're there, take a moment to appreciate the panoramic views of the surrounding landscape. The area is not just steeped in history but offers a serene escape into nature. It's a perfect spot for reflection and appreciation of both the past and the beauty of the present.