Architecture, Hiroshima

Built in 1240, Bitchu Matsuyama Castle is both an Important Cultural Property of Japan and is counted among Japan’s top 100 castles. The castle is located atop a mountain at an altitude of 430 m, making it the highest fortress with an existing castle tower in Japan. Visitors to the castle are treated to a spectacular sight, especially in the early mornings of fall and winter when the clouds spread out to form a “sea of clouds” around the castle. Also in fall, when the trees change color, the landscape becomes painted in a deep vermilion as if the castle walls were aflame, offering visitors a truly majestic sight. https://www.okayama-japan.jp/en/spot/949

Iyama Hofuku-ji Temple was built in 1232 as a Zen temple. The temple is famous as the childhood training grounds for the painter Sesshu—the most prominent Japanese master of ink wash painting, which employs shading from a single-color inkstick. A popular attraction at the temple is the Buddhist practice of zazen, where worshippers sit in meditation for spiritual unity. Visitors can join early morning zazen sessions on the second Sunday of every month with no reservations required, and tea and sweets provided after the meditation offer a chance to experience the hospitality of Japanese culture. The temple’s fresh green of spring and vibrant foliage in autumn also make for beautiful sights. https://www.okayama-japan.jp/en/spot/933

Completed in 1597 after eight years of diligent construction, Okayama Castle stands proudly among Japan’s top 100 castles. The original keep faced destruction during the war, but it was lovingly rebuilt in 1966. Fondly nicknamed "U-jo" or "Crow Castle" for its striking black exterior that resembles a crow's plumage, it creates a dramatic contrast to the pristine white walls of Himeji Castle. Visitors are often captivated by its unique architecture and the surrounding landscapes. The castle offers a stunning view of the Asahi River, and its proximity to Korakuen Garden, one of the Three Great Gardens of Japan, makes it a must-see for history buffs and nature lovers alike. Strolling through the grounds, you can almost feel the whispers of the past lingering in the air.

Nestled in the heart of Japan's Okayama Prefecture, the ancient Saidaiji Kannon-in Temple has been standing proudly for around 1,200 years. As you stroll down the approach, you're greeted by charming rows of traditional shops lining the path. These quaint establishments offer a delightful array of local crafts and snacks, perfect for picking up a unique souvenir or two. Once you pass through the shrine's gate, the impressive main hall awaits, exuding an aura of tranquility and history. The temple is not just a feast for the eyes but also a spiritual haven, attracting visitors seeking a moment of peace. If you time your visit right, you might catch one of the local festivals or rituals that breathe life into this serene setting. The annual Hadaka Matsuri, or "Naked Festival," is particularly famous, drawing crowds from all over, eager to witness or participate in this unique cultural celebration. Whether you're a history buff, a spiritual seeker, or just someone looking to experience authentic Japanese culture, Saidaiji Kannon-in is a must-visit that promises to leave a lasting impression.

Nestled on Japan’s enchanting Kyushu island, the Oita Prefectural Art Museum is a treasure trove for art enthusiasts and architecture buffs alike. While its collection of modern and contemporary Japanese art is undeniably impressive, what truly steals the show is the museum's striking architectural design. Crafted by the renowned architect Shigeru Ban, the building itself is a masterpiece of modern design. The museum's open, airy structure invites visitors to explore its exhibits while simultaneously offering a feast for the eyes with its innovative use of space and materials. The blend of natural light and clean lines makes wandering through the museum a delightful experience. Besides the captivating art and architecture, the museum often hosts workshops and events that provide a deeper appreciation for Japan's rich artistic heritage. When visiting Oita, make sure to carve out some time to explore this architectural gem; it's an experience that art lovers and curious travelers alike won't want to miss.

Rakanji Temple, known as 羅漢寺, stands as one of Japan's top three Gohyakurakan, or Five Hundred Arhats. Imagine this: it all began back in 645 with the spiritual practices of the Hodo mountain hermits. This temple is not just a place of worship; it's a journey through history and spirituality. The temple is nestled in a serene landscape that offers breathtaking views, making it a perfect spot for reflection and peace. Visitors can explore the intricate carvings and statues that tell stories of ancient Japan. The atmosphere is truly magical, especially during the early morning when the mist hugs the mountains, creating a scene straight out of a painting. Don't forget to bring your camera; the photo opportunities are endless!

Since the Edo era, Kokura has thrived as a charming castle town. At the heart of this historical gem is Kokura Castle, a proud symbol founded by Tadaoki Hosokawa in 1602. It's the only castle still standing in Fukuoka Prefecture, drawing countless tourists eager to soak up its rich history and picturesque views. Kokura Castle isn't just about history; it's a perfect spot for a leisurely stroll through its lush gardens. The area offers a delightful blend of traditional architecture and modern amenities. You can find quaint cafes and shops nearby, making it a fantastic place to spend an afternoon. For those interested in culture, the castle often hosts events and exhibitions, providing a deeper glimpse into the local heritage.

Kakuzan Park is on the ruins of an ancient castle, Tsuyama Castle, which was built about 400 years ago. The castle’s approximately 10 m tall stone wall remains today, greeting visitors with a majestic view of overlapping stones even from a distance. The ruin has been selected as one of Japan’s top 100 castles and has earned a spot as one of Japan’s top 100 cherry blossom sites. The Tsuyama Cherry Blossom Festival held every year in early to mid April gives visitors the chance to experience the park’s 1,000 or so cherry trees. After sunset, looking down from atop the stone wall at the cherry trees illuminated below, visitors will be treated to an unimaginably beautiful view. https://www.okayama-japan.jp/en/spot/914

In Osaka, the shrine is known affectionately as "Sumiyossan." Every year, from January 1st to 3rd, the shrine welcomes more than 2 million people for Hatsumode, the traditional first shrine visit of the year. The head shrine for Japan's approximately 2,300 Sumiyoshi shrines, Sumiyoshi Taisha is the most important shrine in the Osaka area. Praying to the gods here is believed to ensure maritime safety, as well as good luck in farming, waka poetry, martial arts, and sumo wrestling, and to ward off disasters of all kinds. Built more than 1,800 years ago, the buildings are arranged to resemble a fleet of ships headed out to sea. The shrine was built in an architectural style known as Sumiyoshi-zukuri, the oldest style used in shrine construction, and is registered as a national treasure. Sumiyoshi Taisha has more than 30 auxiliary shrines, as well as a number of festivals and rituals, including Sumiyoshi Matsuri. The grounds of the shrine are carefully preserved as a national treasure and important cultural property for their architectural and cultural value. https://osaka-info.jp/en/page/sumiyoshitaisha

The National Museum of Art, Osaka (国立国際美術館, Kokuritsu Kokusai Bijutsukan) occupies two underground floors on Nakanoshima Island in central Osaka. The museum focuses on Japanese and foreign contemporary art, with exhibitions from the museum collection and special exhibitions. The museum's current building was opened in 2007 and was designed to represent the growth and shape of a bamboo plant. The facility was formerly housed in the Expo Museum of Fine Arts, built for the Osaka Expo in 1970. https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e4016.html

Standing 300 meters tall, Abeno Harukas (あべのハルカス) in Osaka is the tallest skyscraper in Japan. The building stands on top of the Kintetsu Osaka Abenobashi Station and is conveniently located across from JR Tennoji Station. It houses a department store, an art museum, a hotel and an observation deck. The observation deck is called "Harukas 300" and occupies the building's top three floors (floors 58 to 60). The observation deck is accessed by elevators from the 16th floor. With large floor-to-ceiling glass panels all around, the 60th floor offers 360-degree views of Osaka, while the 58th floor features an attractively designed inner court with a wooden deck and cafe. A souvenir shop and restrooms with views are also available. https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e4026.html

Shitennoji (四天王寺, Shitennōji) is one of Japan's oldest temples and the first-ever to be built by the state. It was founded in 593 by Prince Shotoku, who supported the introduction of Buddhism into Japan. Although the temple's buildings burned down several times throughout the centuries, they were always carefully reconstructed to reflect the original 6th-century design. The outer temple grounds are free to enter, but admission to the inner precinct, the Gokuraku-Jodo Garden and the treasure house is paid. In the pebble covered courtyard of the inner precinct stand a five-storied pagoda that can be entered and ascended and the Main Hall (Kondo) in which Prince Shotoku is enshrined as a statue of Kannon. https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e4011.html

The Osaka Museum of History opened in 2003 in a tall building next to NHK Osaka and just across the street from Osaka Castle. The building offers excellent views of the castle from its top floors. The museum exhibits are visually oriented with several large models. They chronicle the city's history, beginning in ancient times when Osaka served as Japan's first capital and site of the Naniwa Palace and ending with exhibits on the city's bustling shopping arcades of the early Showa Period. The museum's collection is set up on the upper floors of the building while the lower floors are occupied by a restaurant, shop and spacious lobby. Museum visitors first take the elevator to the top floor and then follow the exhibition route down. https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e4014.html

Osaka Castle, or “Osaka-jo” in Japanese, is certainly one of the most famous landmarks in Japan, and for good reason. This five-story castle is one of the most visually spectacular creations in the country, with a history that dates back almost 450 years! Visitors to Osaka Castle can enter inside, which currently operates a historical museum, for a small fee (15 years and younger can enter for free), with group discounts available. On each floor inside the castle are a wide variety of artefacts detailing the extensive history of Osaka and the castle itself. While not all the artefact information is available in English, there are leaflets available that explain much of the exhibits. On the top floor visitors can catch a breathtaking view of the surrounding areas, taking in the parks and cityscapes. https://osaka-info.jp/en/page/osaka-castle

Ine (伊根) is a town located around the Ine Bay in northern Kyoto Prefecture, about 15 kilometers north of Amanohashidate. This working town has a long and rich history as a fishing village and is regarded as one of the most beautiful villages in Japan. The unique aspect of Ine are its funaya. Literally meaning "boat houses", these traditional waterfront buildings contain garages for boats on their first floors and residential space on the upper floors. Today there over 200 funaya remaining along the bay. Some of them now serve as guest houses where visitors can stay the night and experience the funaya first-hand. The town itself is a normal town inhabited by working people, and most houses are personal residences. There are only a small number of shops and restaurants, meaning that there is not an incredible amount to do here. The largest concentration of amenities are found at Funaya no Sato Park, a roadside station on a hill above the town with large parking lots, a tourist information office, an observation deck, restaurants and shops. https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e3996.html

Tenryuji (天龍寺, Tenryūji) is the most important temple in Kyoto's Arashiyama district. It was ranked first among the city's five great Zen temples, and is now registered as a world heritage site. Tenryuji is the head temple of its own school within the Rinzai Zen sect of Japanese Buddhism. Tenryuji was built in 1339 by the ruling shogun Ashikaga Takauji. Takauji dedicated the temple to Emperor Go-Daigo, who had just passed away. The two important historical figures used to be allies until Takauji turned against the emperor in a struggle for supremacy over Japan. By building the temple, Takauji intended to appease the former emperor's spirits. https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e3913.html

Ryoanji Temple (龍安寺, Ryōanji) is the site of Japan's most famous rock garden, which attracts hundreds of visitors every day. Originally an aristocrat's villa during the Heian Period, the site was converted into a Zen temple in 1450 and belongs to the Myoshinji school of the Rinzai sect of Zen Buddhism, whose head temple stands just a kilometer to the south. As for the history of Ryoanji's famous rock garden, the facts are less certain. The garden's date of construction is unknown and there are a number of speculations regarding its designer. The garden consists of a rectangular plot of pebbles surrounded by low earthen walls, with 15 rocks laid out in small groups on patches of moss. An interesting feature of the garden's design is that from any vantage point at least one of the rocks is always hidden from the viewer. https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e3909.html

The image of the temple richly adorned in gold leaf reflects beautifully in the water of Kyokochi, the mirror pond. It is perhaps the most widely-recognized image of Kyoto. Seen reflected in the adjoining "mirror pond" with its small islands of rock and pine, Kinkaku-ji Temple, "The Temple of the Golden Pavilion," is a breathtaking must-see. The building's first purpose was to serve the retiring Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu (1358-1409) as a residence. The gold-leaf-adorned building was converted into a Zen temple shortly after his death. In an event that was later fictionalized by the renowned author Yukio Mishima, a 21-year-old monk burned Kinkakuji down in 1950. The temple was rebuilt in 1955 and continues to function as a storehouse of sacred relics. The temple's garden is also a scenic delight and contains in its grounds a charming teahouse. https://kyoto.travel/en/shrine_temple/165

Nijo Castle (二条城, Nijōjō) was built in 1603 as the Kyoto residence of Tokugawa Ieyasu, the first shogun of the Edo Period (1603-1867). His grandson Iemitsu completed the castle's palace buildings 23 years later and further expanded the castle by adding a five story castle keep. Nijo Castle can be divided into three areas: the Honmaru (main circle of defense), the Ninomaru (secondary circle of defense) and some gardens that encircle the Honmaru and Ninomaru. The entire castle grounds and the Honmaru are surrounded by stone walls and moats. Visitors to Nijo Castle enter the castle grounds through a large gate in the east. English audio guides are available for rent at a kiosk just inside the gate. Venturing further into the castle will bring you to the Chinese style Karamon Gate, the entrance to the Ninomaru (secondary circle of defense), where the castle's main attraction, the Ninomaru Palace is located. https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e3918.html

Standing 131 meters tall just across from Kyoto Station, Kyoto Tower (京都タワー) is Kyoto's tallest structure and a rare modern iconic landmark in the city famous for its ancient temples and shrines. The tower was completed in 1964, the same year as the opening of the shinkansen and the Tokyo Olympics. A viewing platform is located 100 meters above ground and affords a 360 degree view of Kyoto and as far as Osaka on clear days. Kyoto Tower stands on top of a typical commercial building, which contains souvenir shops, restaurants and a hotel, as well as a public bath in the basement. https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e3945.html

Fushimi Inari Shrine (Fushimi Inari Taisha) is an important Shinto shrine in southern Kyoto. It is famous for its thousands of vermilion torii gates, which straddle a network of trails behind its main buildings. The trails lead into the wooded forest of the sacred Mount Inari, which stands at 233 meters and belongs to the shrine grounds. Fushimi Inari is the most important of several thousands of shrines dedicated to Inari, the Shinto god of rice. Foxes are thought to be Inari's messengers, resulting in many fox statues across the shrine grounds. Fushimi Inari Shrine has ancient origins, predating the capital's move to Kyoto in 794. While the primary reason most foreign visitors come to Fushimi Inari Shrine is to explore the mountain trails, the shrine buildings themselves are also attractive. At the shrine's entrance stands the Romon Gate, which was donated in 1589 by the famous leader Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Behind stands the shrine's main hall (honden) where visitors should pay respect to the resident deity by making a small offering. https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e3915.html

The Higashiyama District (東山) along the lower slopes of Kyoto's eastern mountains is one of the city's best preserved historic districts. It is a great place to experience traditional old Kyoto, especially between Kiyomizudera and Yasaka Shrine, where the narrow lanes, wooden buildings and traditional merchant shops invoke a feeling of the old capital city. Recent renovations to remove telephone poles and repave the streets have further improved the traditional feel of the district. The streets in Higashiyama are lined by small shops, cafes and restaurants which have been catering to tourists and pilgrims for centuries. These businesses retain their traditional design, although many have been renovated through the years, and they continue to serve customers today, selling local specialties such as Kiyomizu-yaki pottery, sweets, pickles, crafts and other souvenirs. The shops and restaurants in the area typically open around nine or ten in the morning and close relatively early around five or six in the evening, except during the ten day long Hanatoro in March when the streets of Higashiyama are lined by thousands of lanterns and many of the area's temples, shrines and businesses have extended hours and special illuminations. https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e3959.html

Kiyomizudera ("Pure Water Temple") is one of the most celebrated temples of Japan. It was founded in 780 on the site of the Otowa Waterfall in the wooded hills east of Kyoto, and derives its name from the fall's pure waters. The temple was originally associated with the Hosso sect, one of the oldest schools within Japanese Buddhism, but formed its own Kita Hosso sect in 1965. In 1994, the temple was added to the list of UNESCO world heritage sites. Part of the fun of visiting Kiyomizudera is the approach to the temple along the steep and busy lanes of the atmospheric Higashiyama District. The many shops and restaurants in the area have been catering to tourists and pilgrims for centuries, and products on sale range from local specialties such as Kiyomizu-yaki pottery, sweets and pickles to the standard set of souvenirs. The Higashiyama district together with Kiyomizudera, Yasaka Shrine and other temples in the area, have special evening illuminations during the annual Hanatoro event held in mid March. Kiyomizudera also has special illuminations during the autumn leaf season in the second half of November. https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e3901.html

Kibune (貴船) is a small town in a forested valley in the northern mountains of Kyoto City, which developed around Kifune Shrine. According to legend, a goddess traveled in a boat from Osaka all the way up the river into the mountains north of Kyoto, and Kifune Shrine was built at the site where her boat journey had come to an end. Kifune Shrine is dedicated to the god of water and rain and believed to be the protector of those at sea. Here you can obtain a unique type of fortune written on paper slips (omikuji) that reveal their messages when dipped into water. Okunomiya, the inner sanctum and original site of Kifune Shrine, lies about one kilometer further up the valley. It has a large rock, known as the boat stone, which is said to be where the goddess' yellow boat is buried. The rest of the town is made up by traditional styled ryokan and restaurants that line the narrow road for a few hundred meters parallel to Kibune River. It is a popular retreat from Kyoto's famed summer heat, but is also well visited in autumn when the leaves change. https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e3967.html

Perched majestically on Mt. Kinka, Gifu Castle once served as the strategic stronghold of Japan's legendary military leader, Nobunaga Oda. Its reputation for being impregnable still echoes through its ancient walls. The castle houses an awe-inspiring collection of Japanese armor and swords, each piece telling a story of its own. The views from the top are nothing short of breathtaking, offering a panoramic glimpse of the surrounding landscape that makes the hike up well worth the effort. Whether you're a history buff or just someone who appreciates stunning vistas, Gifu Castle is a must-visit. The castle also hosts seasonal events and festivals that add an extra layer of cultural richness to your visit.

In March 2011, a remarkable new addition opened its doors: "Brother Earth," a dazzling planetarium housed within a 35-meter-diameter dome. This isn't just any planetarium; it's the largest in the world. If you're in the area, you absolutely must check out the four large-scale exhibitions. Picture this: an aurora film in a chilling -30°C setting and a towering 9-meter tall manmade tornado. These attractions offer an exhilarating glimpse into the raw power of nature, making your visit both educational and thrilling. But the wonders don’t stop there. The building itself is an exhibit of modern sustainability and engineering. It harnesses solar power, boasts lush green walls, and features visible earthquake-resistant structures and elevator mechanisms. It's a testament to how we can blend architecture with eco-friendly technology. For those interested in the intersection of science and innovation, this site is a must-visit. Located in the heart of Nagoya, the science museum is perfectly situated for a day of exploration. You'll leave with a newfound appreciation for both the natural world and human ingenuity.

In 1610, Ieyasu Tokugawa began building Nagoya Castle as a residence for his son, Yoshinao. Tragically, the castle was lost to flames during World War II, but by 1959, the majestic large donjon, standing approximately 48 meters tall, was reconstructed. It now proudly displays its golden "shachi" ornaments on the roof, alongside the smaller donjon, which reaches about 24 meters. Inside the large, five-story donjon, you'll find stunning sliding door murals, which are recognized as an important cultural property. Historical information is also showcased here. From the third to the fifth floors, visitors can marvel at a full-scale replica of a golden shachi ornament, try their hand at pulling stones used in the castle's construction, and even experience what it's like to ride in a palanquin. This immersive journey lets you step back in time to witness the sights and sounds of life within the castle walls and the bustling castle town. It's a place where history comes alive, offering everyone a chance to enjoy and learn about Nagoya Castle and the vibrant city it calls home. For those planning a visit, don't miss the nearby Nagoya City Science Museum, which boasts the world's largest planetarium. It's a perfect spot for both the curious and the adventurous. And if you're feeling peckish, the local specialty, hitsumabushi, an eel dish, is a must-try culinary delight.

Nestled in the serene embrace of the Shogawa River Valley, the Shirakawa-go and Gokayama regions stretch across the picturesque mountains between Gifu and Toyama Prefectures. These enchanting areas, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site since 1995, are celebrated for their iconic gassho-zukuri farmhouses, some of which have stood for over 250 years. The term "gassho-zukuri" translates to "constructed like hands in prayer," inspired by the steep, thatched roofs that mirror the hands of Buddhist monks in prayer. This architectural style has been fine-tuned over generations, specifically designed to endure the heavy snowfall typical of the region's winters. Ingeniously built without nails, these roofs create spacious attics once used for silkworm cultivation. Ogimachi, the largest village in Shirakawa-go, serves as the main attraction and is perfect for a day trip from Takayama, or as a convenient stop between Takayama and Kanazawa. Yet, the most immersive way to soak up the town's charm is to stay overnight in one of the farmhouses, many of which have been transformed into cozy minshuku, offering an authentic experience. Gokayama, though a bit trickier to reach with a necessary bus change in Ogimachi, rewards visitors with its quieter, more intimate atmosphere. Unlike the more bustling Shirakawa-go, Gokayama's villages are less touched by modernity, offering a peaceful retreat. Among its gems, Suganuma and Ainokura stand out as the most charming villages, each offering a unique peek into a simpler, bygone era.

Nestled in the heart of the castle town, Takayama's Historic District is a charming window into the past. The three main streets, known as "Sanmachi-dori," were once the bustling hub of a merchant town and still echo with stories of yesteryears. As you wander through this enchanting area, you'll be captivated by the beautifully preserved architecture and quaint shops that have stood the test of time. The streets are a delightful mix of traditional wooden buildings, some of which have been transformed into cozy cafes and fascinating museums. Don’t miss the chance to savor the local delicacies, like Hida beef skewers, which are a must-try for any food lover. You might even stumble upon a sake brewery or two, offering a taste of the region's finest brews. The atmosphere is a perfect blend of the old and the new, making it an irresistible spot for both history buffs and casual explorers.

Hamamatsu Castle, also known as Hamamatsu-jo, is where the legendary Tokugawa Ieyasu, the founding shogun of the Edo period, called home for 17 years before he rose to power as the ruler of Japan. This historical fortress, often referred to as the Castle of Advancement, served as the backdrop for his ambitious campaign to unite the nation. The castle itself is a fascinating blend of history and architecture, featuring beautiful stone walls and traditional Japanese design. Visitors can explore the grounds where Ieyasu once strategized, imagining the era when these walls witnessed the birth of a unified Japan. The castle park surrounding it is a serene spot, offering a peaceful retreat with lush greenery and seasonal flowers. It's a perfect place to reflect on the past while enjoying a leisurely stroll. With its rich history and picturesque setting, Hamamatsu Castle is a must-see for anyone curious about Japan's feudal era.

Built in 1395, Gyeongbokgung Palace is often called the Northern Palace because it sits further north than its neighboring palaces: Changdeokgung, known as the Eastern Palace, and Gyeonghuigung, the Western Palace. Among all five grand palaces, Gyeongbokgung stands out as the most stunning and largest. Strolling through its expansive grounds, you can almost feel the whispers of history echoing through the air. The palace showcases traditional Korean architecture at its finest, with vibrant colors and intricate designs that captivate visitors. Don't miss the changing of the guard ceremony, a spectacle of tradition and color that takes place several times a day. For a truly immersive experience, consider renting a hanbok, the traditional Korean attire, which will not only enhance your photos but also give you a deeper connection to the culture.

Saifukuji has 500 years of history. Many visit the temple because of Ishikawa Uncho's artwork -- sculpture, paintings, and lacquer craftworks. All of his works are wonderful, especially the colourful sculpture on the ceiling. Please come and see them with your own eyes! https://enjoyniigata.com/en/spot/8332#

The Tokyo State Guest House (迎賓館, Geihinkan) is one of two state guest houses of the Japanese government alongside another one in Kyoto. Contained within the Akasaka Imperial Estate in central Tokyo, the Tokyo State Guest House serves to accommodate world leaders, diplomats and other guests of honor during their visits to Japan. When not in use, sections of the grand estate are open to the public, with visitors able to explore some of the opulent rooms, picturesque gardens and the Japanese-style annex. https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e3048.html